Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder

Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Print Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 24, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Genetic Environmental Societal Brain Structure/Biological View All If you have been diagnosed with  social anxiety disorder (SAD), you may wonder what caused you to develop the illness. Rather than there being a single causative factor, it is likely a complex interplay of variables that result in the disorder. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Genetic If you are diagnosed with SAD, you probably have specific genes that made you more prone to developing the disorder. If you have a first degree relative with SAD, you may also be 2 to 6 times more likely to develop the disorder.?? The genetic component of social anxiety disorder is also known as the “heritability” of the disorder. Although heritability rates can vary a great deal in studies, it has been estimated at around 30 to 40 percent, meaning that roughly one-third of the underlying causes of SAD comes from your genetics. Heritability is the proportion of variation in a phenotype (trait, characteristic, or physical feature) that is thought to be caused by genetic variation among individuals. The remaining variation is usually attributed to environmental factors. Studies of heritability typically estimate the proportional contribution of genetic and environmental factors to a particular trait or feature. So far, researchers have not found a particular genetic makeup linked to SAD. They have, however, found specific chromosomes linked to other anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia and  panic disorder.?? Environmental The psychosocial causes of social anxiety disorder (SAD) include factors in the environment that influence you as you grow up. If one of your parents has social anxiety disorder (SAD), then you are more likely to develop the disorder yourself.?? Psychologists have developed theories about how children may become socially anxious through learning. Ways Children Learn Social Anxiety Direct Conditioning: Did you forget your lines in the class play? Did other kids make fun of you or were you the victim of constant teasing or bullying? While it is not a necessary trigger, going through an early traumatic event may have an impact on the development of social anxiety, sometimes years later.Observational Learning: If you did not experience a traumatic event yourself, did you see someone else in a traumatic social situation? For those already vulnerable to the disorder, this may have the same impact as going through the situation firsthand.Information Transfer: Fearful and socially anxious parents unknowingly transfer verbal and non-verbal information to their children about the dangers of social situations. If your mother worries a lot about what other people think of her, chances are you have developed some of this same anxiety yourself. Your upbringing can also impact the likelihood that you will develop SAD. You are more likely to develop the disorder if: As a child, you were not exposed to enough social situations and were not allowed to develop appropriate social skills.?One or both of your parents was rejecting, controlling, critical, or overprotective. Children that do not form a proper attachment to their primary caregiver are at greater risk because they cant calm and soothe themselves when in stressful situations. Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood   Do you know a toddler or young child who always becomes extremely upset when confronted with a new situation or unfamiliar person? When faced with these types of situations does the child cry, withdraw,  or seek the comfort of a parent? This type of behavior in toddlers and young children is known as behavioral inhibition. Children who show behavioral inhibition as a toddler are at greater risk for developing SAD later in life.?? Because this temperament shows up at such a young age, it is likely an inborn characteristic and the result of biological factors. If you are concerned that your child is excessively withdrawn or fearful in new situations, it may be helpful to discuss your worries with a professional. Since we know that behaviorally inhibited toddlers are more likely to become socially anxious children and socially phobic adults, any kind of early intervention may help prevent more serious problems later in life. Societal Societal factors that can influence the development of social anxiety include growing up in a culture with a strong collectivistic orientation, such as Japan or Korea. The syndrome taijin kyofusho in these cultures involves a fear of making other people uncomfortable and reflects a culture in which concern for how you fit as part of the larger group is emphasized.?? What Is Taijin Kyofusho? Brain Structure/Biological Just as x-rays are used to “see inside” your body, the same can be done for your brain. Medical researchers use a technique called “neuroimaging” to create a picture of the brain. Newer techniques can look not only at brain structure but at types of functions in specific regions of the brain. For mental disorders, researchers may look differences in blood flow in specific areas of the brain for people who are known to have a particular disorder. We know that four areas of the brain are involved when you experience anxiety. Brain Areas Involved in Anxiety The  brain stem  (controls your heart rate and breathing)The limbic system (effects your mood and anxiety level)The prefrontal cortex (helps you to appraise risk and danger)The motor cortex (controls your muscles) A study of blood flow in the brain published in 2001 found differences in the brains of social phobics when speaking in public. For this study, they used a type of neuroimaging called “Positron Emission Tomography” (PET).?? The PET images showed that people with social anxiety disorder had increased blood flow in their amygdala, a part of the limbic system associated with fear. In contrast, the PET images of people without SAD showed increased blood flow to the cerebral cortex, an area associated with thinking and evaluation. It seems that or people with social anxiety disorder, the brain reacts to social situations differently than people without the disorder. Neurotransmitters If you have social anxiety disorder, there are likely imbalances of certain chemicals in your brain, known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are used by your brain to send signals from one cell to another. Neurotransmitters Involved in Anxiety NorepinephrineSerotoninDopamineGamma-aminobutyric acid  (GABA) People with social anxiety disorder have been shown to have some of the same imbalances of these neurotransmitters as people with agoraphobia and panic disorder.?? Understanding how these brain chemicals relate to social anxiety disorder is important to determine the best medications for treatment. A Word From Verywell There is no single cause of SAD. In most people, the disorder is the result of a combination of factors. When receiving a diagnosis or treatment for social anxiety disorder, your doctor or mental health professional should discuss with you possible contributing factors to your social anxiety. Best Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder

Writing 101 Foreshadowing Definition, Examples of Foreshadowing, and How to Use Foreshadowing in Your Writing

Storytelling has one ambition at its core: to capture your reader’s attention and keep them engaged with your story until the end. Foreshadowing is a valuable literary technique a writer can use to create and build suspense that will keep your readers turning the page.

Essay on Coping Mechanisms in Kurt Vonnegut’s...

People react differently to tragedies: some mourn, some speak up, and some avoid the sorrow. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut suggests the danger and inhumanity of turning away from the discomfort by introducing Billy Pilgrim as someone who is badly affected by the aftermath of the Dresden bombing, and the Tralfamadorians as the aliens who provide an easy solution to Billy. It is simpler to avoid something as tragic as death, but Vonnegut stresses the importance of confronting it. Vonnegut, like many artists, expresses his ideas through his creations. The significance of art is not confined to helping and inspiring the general public; the process of creating art also becomes another form of coping mechanism for artists. In†¦show more content†¦One of the greatest impacts caused by disasters is one’s motivation for living. In Slaughterhouse-Five, many characters display twisted minds after experiencing wars. Billy and Rosewater find life meaningless, because they witness too many dead bodies in war; Lazzaro finds the sweetest thing to be revenge. As wars bring distorted senses to people, Vonnegut presents two opposing coping methods in Slaughterhouse-Five: One is the Tralfamadorians’ passive idea and the other is the narrator’s humane notion. The overall concept of the Tralfamadorians is to â€Å"ignore the awful times, and concentrate on the good ones† (Vonnegut 150). They do not look back, not even forward; they focus on the scattering patch of good moments regardless of time. A similar idea is how they have come to regard death: â€Å"in bad condition in that particular moment, and that the person is just fine in plenty of other moments.† The thought – it is more important that a person has lived a brilliant life – is comforting; however, it disregards the possibilities a person has as long as he or she lives. In an interview, Vonnegut points out that he â€Å"resents† the promising ideas, the Utopianism, in science fiction (qtd in Simpson 261). This is disclosed in Breakfast of Champions, when Kilgore Trout indirectlyShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Science Fiction in Our Life: Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut815 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five brilliantly illustrates how being in combat traumatically affects soldiers in time of war. Indeed, the author uses science fiction and the creative use of time travel as a mold to bring about his true feelings towards war, thus making Slaughterhouse-Five a quintessential anti-war book. Vonnegut’s usage of science fiction creates an outlet to the planet of Tralfamadore where Billy is able to escape his mental damage from war. The author, Kurt VonnegutRead MoreKurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five902 Words   |  4 Pageswould do anything to avoid memories of trauma, including inventing an alternate planet. 2. Billy, the main character in Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Slaughterhouse-Five, experienced firsthand the trauma of war during the firebombing of Dresden. After this event, Billy created Tramfaladore, the planet where time does not exist. B. Summary 1. In Kurt Vonnegut s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, he waves a story of destruction, war, mental health, and time travel to demonstrate the effects of posttraumatic wartimeRead MoreKurt Vonnegut : First Generation German American Parents1213 Words   |  5 PagesApril 1, 2017 Rough Draft Kurt Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 11, 1922. His parents, Edith and Kurt Sr. were third-generation German-American parents. Vonnegut was raised without any knowledge of the German Language. Edith the daughter of Albert Lieber, a millionaire and Indianapolis brewer while Kurt Sr. an architect. The only profound name on Kurt Sr, side was his great-grandfather Clemens Vonnegut, founder of Vonnegut s Hardware Store. 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Along with the context and form of coping, I will also be integrating corresponding factors from Slaughterhouse-five and exploring the self-sabotaging tendencies the mainRead MoreThe Insanity of War in Slaughterhouse Five800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Insanity of War in Slaughterhouse Five Regarding his views on war, Albert Einstein said in 1931, â€Å"[he] who joyfully marches to music in rank and file†¦ has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him a spinal cord would surely suffice.† Slaughterhouse Five, written by Kurt Vonnegut Jr., is a satirical World War II novel. The novel focuses on Billy Pilgrim’s experiences. He develops schizophrenia during the war and consequently feels as if he lives in moments, opposed to chronologicallyRead MoreVonnegut : An Outlook On Fate1477 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Friedrichs Mr. Carroll English IV AP 10/26/15 Vonnegut: An Outlook on Fate In Kurt Vonnegut’s classic fiction novel, Slaughterhouse Five, we experience the horrors of war through the eyes of fictional character Billy Pilgrim, and their effect on him. Pilgrim, who was a POW in Dresden during the firebombing, is obviously impacted by the war, like many others who experience combat. By channelling his own experiences into Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut explores his belief in the inevitabilityRead MoreTralfamadore: An Escape To Sanity1879 Words   |  8 PagesKurt Vonnegut is considered by many to be the greatest American author of the twentieth century. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 11, 1922 to Kurt Vonnegut, Sr. and Edith Vonnegut. His father was a prominent architect in Indianapolis, and provided well for his three children until the Great Depression hit in 1929. The Depression put Kurt, Sr. out of work, and harmed his spirits in such a way that he essentially gave up on life. His wife, Edith, ultimately resorted to alcoholism andRead Mor eThe Theme Of Death In Slaughterhouse Five And Death1656 Words   |  7 PagesSlaughterhouse-Five and Death There’s a recurring theme throughout Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut which permeates throughout the story from beginning to end. It’s the idea that death is just that. Death. One can argue that Vonnegut attempts to desensitize death through the Billy Pilgrim and the Sci-Fi story of the Tralfamadorians, but what if he is instead using these examples in order to justify the exact opposite idea? By planting us into Billy Pilgrim’s surreal and insane story filledRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesDraft Slaughterhouse-five War is a virus, a plagues our world and has experienced since the early ages of time. Once a war is cured a new strain begins stronger and more unforgiving as the last. Humans are creatures of habit which continue the violence. Kurt Vonnegut’s novel, slaughterhouse-five, is a deliberate and well developed statement against war as expressed through the tone, rhetoric, and characters, making anti war a prominent theme through the entirety of the novel. Slaughterhouse-fiveRead MoreKurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim becomes â€Å"unstuck† in time. The question here is, why? The fact of the matter is that he does not actually begin to time-travel. Billy â€Å"becomes unstuck† as a coping mechanism to deal with his traumatic experiences during the war. Billy attempts to reorganize his life’s events and cope with a disorder known as post traumatic stress (PTSD). â€Å"Post traumatic stress disorder is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event† (Marilyn 8)

Substance Abuse Is An Ever Growing Problem - 1510 Words

Why has substance abuse in the field of nursing been on the rise for the past 100 years? Could it be because of the high levels of stress along with the incredible toll working in the field of nursing takes on the body? Several different reasoning’s have been brought forth throughout the years, but nothing changes the fact that this is an increasing problem that has to be dealt with within the profession. â€Å"Addiction among nurses has been recognized by professionals in the field for over 100 years, and current estimates place rates of substance misuse, abuse, and abdication as high as 20% among practicing nurses† (Monroe et al., 2011, p. 504). This is alarming because nurses are in a position where they cannot afford to be mentally or†¦show more content†¦What one person may say regarding the issue may vary from the next. When discussing the topic of substance abuse among nurses the severity of the action might differ when mentioning the problem to nurse m anager or charge nurse. Views on substance abuse may also change when discussing the topic with a fellow nurses as well as patients. The roles of the nurse managers and charge nurses are to insure competence as well as the functionality of the nurses that are under their supervision. In looking at this topic from the perspective of a nurse manager or a charge nurse it may seem like the nurses is putting both their patients and the hospital at risk so their first action may be to address the problem.† The impact of workplace substance abuse includes increased workplace accidents and injuries and increased use of health benefits, workers compensation, and disability claims† (Epstein et. al., 2010, p. 515). There may be an underlying reason to why this nurse has chosen to go down this destructive path and it may also be the nurse manager or charge duty to address this problem. Substance abusing nurses are hazardous to have in the work place and removed from the floor and se nding that the nurse to get some needed help may be the duty of that charge nurse or nurse manager, because the nurse may not be willing to listen to fellow floor nurses. From the perspective of fellow nurses, they may not want

Essay on Parents and their Children - 1171 Words

As a child grows up it may appears as a simple matter of blowing out a different number of candles each year. However, there are multiple psychological factors involved in this process. The factors include parents’ role in the child’s life, peer pressure, the culture in which the child is raised, and television. These factors work together to shape a child’s social development. Parents are seen as a child’s role model and support since birth. As a role model, their actions teach children the difference between right and wrong. As a support, they provide love and care. In addition to love, care, and knowledge, they exert control and provide discipline. Not all parents are the same because they are different individuals with different†¦show more content†¦However, there are also parents who make few rules that are hardly reinforced. Those parents are known as permissive parents. They show more affection than control over their children, allowing the children to take control of their own actions. Children raised by permissive parents, not all, show strong correlation to impulsive behaviors and limited self-control. Then there are permissive parents who show no affection or interest in their children’s lives. Those parents are the neglecting parents. Neglecting parents are not involved in their children’s lives, resulting in social issues such as difficulty in social relationships. Neglectfulness has been correlated to delinquent in early teen years such as drugs or alcohol abuse. Other than parents, peers play a factor in development as well. Peer relationships are influences are biasedly view as negative, however they can be positive as well. Peer relationships act as socializing assembly with ideal behaviors, languages, and appearances. Because peer groups allow children to compare themselves to others their own age, they learn more about themselves. These relationships contribute to skill developing in areas li ke communication, such as controlling their aggression. With appearances and behaviors looked upon by peers those who act appropriately and appear attractiveShow MoreRelatedChildren And Parents On Children2426 Words   |  10 PagesIf you were to over hear a conversation in a household with children, it isn’t uncommon that you would here bickering and debating between child and parents on their future plans of education. One of the first big discussions would be whether or not to attend a school or to stay home for education. Deciding where a child should further their education is not a decision that should be taken lightly. There is a reason that the decision to homeschool or to send a child to a public or private schoolRead MoreChildren With The Parent Families1287 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Children with fathers at home tend to do better in school, are less prone to depression and are more successful in relationships. Children from one-parent families achieve less and get into trouble more than children from two parent families.†( The Consortium for the Study of School Needs of Children from One Parent Families, 1980). Children in single-parent homes are becoming more common now days; more so single mother families, where there is an absent father in the child’s life. Whether theRead MoreChildren of Divorced Parents1424 Words   |  6 PagesChildren who come from broken homes or who have divorced parents often grow into adults with no family values and in turn, have broken homes of their own. In some cases, these children grow into adults with little values and lack the ability to do whatever it takes to ensure that their children do not suffer the same hurtful experience they did. It is unfortunate that marriages sometimes end and there are children caught in the middle of the marriage but it may be worst for the parents to stayRead MoreParents Are The Foundation For Children1904 Words   |  8 PagesParents are the foundation for children to develop gender stereotypes. They have a significant role of fostering their values into their children. At the same time, parents also introduce gendered ideals through their interactions and by unintentionally falling back on the traditional ideals they were brought up with. Such ideals will include clothes with gender connotations or having the child perform gender related housework. Because parents are the basis for their children’s ideals of gender,Read MoreChildren of Incarcerated Parents1800 Words   |  8 PagesEffects on Children of Incarcerated Fathers Most of the prisons in America are overcrowded. They are overcrowded with men, most of which are fathers and nearly half of these incarcerated fathers were living with their child or children before going to prison. The effects on these children can be detrimental. This can also cause strained relationships with the mothers or other family members doing their best to take care of these children while their father is away. There can be social as well asRead MoreA Gift for Parents: Children612 Words   |  2 PagesChildren, a young human being below the age of full physical development, or below the legal age of majority; this is how some dictionaries define â€Å"Children†. When I think about a child or children, I think of an indefensive human being that is in search of love, care, someone who brings happiness in the house and peoples life, someone that from a young age looks to parents for protection and support. Some parents often work hard, and for long hours so as to lea ve their children an inheritance. ItRead MoreShould Children Parents Be Allowed? Their Biological Parents?1751 Words   |  8 Pagesthink of dogs or cats. Others of children. With people, there is a debate over whether or not adopted children should be allowed to know their biological parents. Some people say that it could do good for a child to know who their parents were. Others say no because it may cause problems for either of the family or the adoptee. This is the wrong idea, because of the benefits from knowing their biological parents. Adoptees do have the right to know their biological parents. Many people make theRead MoreParents Should Encourage Their Children1015 Words   |  5 PagesParents dream of popularity, college scholarships, and professional athleticism lead them into blindly pushing their children into misery. In an article written by Baldwin Ellis, he suggests that an array of emotional issues can stem from this type of parenting (Ellis,2015). The act of pushing may, in fact, encourage the child to perform at a level less than their actual potential. Kathryn Hatler of Demand Media sites that many parents live their lives vicariously through their children (Hatler,nRead MoreParents A Choice For Children : Parents Making A Choice1833 Words   |  8 PagesParents Making a Choice Parents often complain how video games are too violent for their children and that it could have a negative impact towards their behavior. That can be true if the child is given a game that is rated higher than its intended audience. Even if it sounds like an unwise choice to give a kid a violent game, it’s up to the parent to decide if their kids get a rated â€Å"E† for everyone game or a rated â€Å"M† for mature game. Children should defiantly not be given game titles that aren’tRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Their Parents Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a life-transforming event that is caused by and lead to a variety of different conditions. Above all else, divorce has a huge influence on children and their parents, respectively. For parents who are getting divorced, it is crucially important to keep an eye on kids’ mental conditions and behavior – for children found themselves lost in such â€Å"unfamiliar † situation (Raynish, 2007). It has been researched by American Psychological Association (2016) that the divorce rate significantly

Current Ethical Issue in Business - 1476 Words

Current Ethical Issue in Business Your Name Here PHL/323 Date Here Instructor’s Name Here Globally, Wal-Mart is the second largest revenue generating company. It is surprising to see so many discriminating issues within the company. Women working for the company are consistently treated unfairly, yet other issues exist. It is as if Wal-Mart has fallen into the negative economic routine. The company is guilty of everyday social discrimination; gender discrimination is just one main focus of our discussion. The affects of gender discrimination affect how women are treated, their income, and company policies. Women’s Rights have been an ongoing issue since the beginning†¦show more content†¦Ethics are present in households and in communities, which help individual’s decide what is right and wrong, and how to deal with situations. The same ethical standards that Americans expect from each other and that are taught to our children should not be left at the door when an employee punches in on the time clock. â€Å"Some companies are incorporating ethics into their training. It is a subject that can go hand-in-hand with business and when employees and CEOs alike understand what ethics are about, business can improve† (Curry, n.d.). Ethics and equality seem to work hand in hand with many people in the business world whom realize its importance. The major problem in the Wal-Mart class action lawsuit is that they failed to see the importance. The basis of the lawsuit is very simple, the women involved in this unsavory situation feel that their rights as individuals and employees have been violated. The discrimination at hand led them to be treated differently than their peers. The women involved in the discrimination lawsuit justly feel that they have the legal right to be treated the same as any other employee within the corporation. An organizations values, beliefs, and standards are manifested into its culture. The culture of an organization is what sets the tone for formal rules and norms of behavior (Trevino et a l, 2011). A cultural change is needed when there is a large disparity between a companys written policy and the way that dailyShow MoreRelatedCurrent Ethical Issues in Business Essay2863 Words   |  12 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Introduction Ethics and moral obligation are something that we all encounter at one time or another. Even in a professional setting, all persons should act in a manner that would uphold the good of society. Why is it that good, ethical and moral behavior is not always adhered to? Is it because some people do not understand ethics and what it means to be ethical? 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They are all different sources that are used for different reason within the company. Starbucks has two specific organization standards they go by that deal with their financial portion of the business. Transportation, manufacturing, and supplies areRead MoreEthical Issue And The Ethical Dilemma882 Words   |  4 Pages In this week’s assignment, we have been asked to identify an ethical issue presented in the Devise Products Unlimited (DPU) case study. First we will discuss the issue and the ethical dilemma it creates. Next we will look at possible recommendations for the DPU CEO to handle this issue. The Ethical Issue First, let’s start by looking at what the ethical issue that DPU is facing. The issue that I have chosen to focus on is issue two from the case study: DPU outsources some of the manufacturingRead MoreEssay on Case17 Businesss Hire818 Words   |  4 PagesCase 17: Should Business Hire Illegal Immigrants? pp. 833-836 (textbook) 1. What are the ethical issues in this case? Just by entering the country illegal aliens are committing an unethical act; Breaking the laws of our Country. Two the employers who are hiring them are unethical and amoral. Knowingly violating the laws and operating at their best interests instead of the social norms. Come-on how hard is it to ask for a proof of citizenship? Around the world, governments have historicallyRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Brand1367 Words   |  6 Pagestopic for many years. Every business must encounter situations where they are required to find solutions to fix a problem. There must be standards set by a business and these standards are expected to be a symbol of representation from leadership straight to its employees. In marketing, problems will arise. It is up to the individuals or parties involved to decide how they will act or react when the problem faces them or the business. An individual with strong ethical background will sense when somethingRead MoreEthical Issues in Relations Between Business and Customers.1562 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Ethical issues in relations between business and customers. Suleimenova Nazira. Management 11.852 Ethical issues in relations between business and customers. Nowadays, people the most part of their life spend at the work. At work, person has a contact with other employees, meets the requirements of management or personally gave orders to his subordinates. But also, the organization (enterprise, firm) in which employees work, constantly interacts with other organizations, the stateRead MoreOrganizational Ethics934 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify typical ethical problems of managers. †¢ Recognize differences in ethical behavior and responsibility between an employee and a manager. Course Assignments 4. Readings †¢ Read Ch. 6 7 of Managing Business Ethics. †¢ Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. 5. 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The business produces quality and tasty sandwiches with a devoted clientele made up of employees and shoppers. Jayne success has forced her to add several bicycle-towed concessions to the work force, and strategically placed in locations around the city to meet the demands of her customers. Targeting the urban worker, Jayne’s business core hours are 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM, Monday through Friday and uses Facebook to promote

The Punishment of Oedipus the King Free Essays

The Punishment of Oedipus the King At the end of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, Oedipus, king of Thebes, ends up banished forever from his kingdom. Additionally, Oedipus physically puts out his own eyes, for several reasons which will be discussed later. The question is: Did Oedipus deserve his punishments? There are many factors that must be considered in answering this, including how Oedipus himself felt about his situation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Punishment of Oedipus the King or any similar topic only for you Order Now His blinding was as much symbolic as it was physical pain. After all factors have been considered, I think that only Oedipus’ banishment was the necessary punishment.. It is important to keep in mind the whole basic reasoning for Oedipus’ search for Laius’ killers: he wished to put an end to a deadly plague, and that plague would only be stopped when said murderer is killed, or driven from the land (pp 4-5). Thusly, when it is revealed that Oedipus himself murdered Laius, then banishment seems to be the only option. Death, in my mind, is not valid simply because of what it might do to the kingdom’s people. Even though it seems that Oedipus has not been a particularly good monarch, in fact his only major accomplishment seems to be killing the Sphinx all those years ago, having a king put to death could have serious repercussions on the rest of the kingdom. So in the end, the only way to cure the plague and keep the kingdom stable seems to be the banishment of Oedipus. In this case, the question of whether or not he deserved to be punished seems irrelevant; Oedipus’ only goal was to stop the plague and by leaving, he has accomplished that goal. Banishment was the only choice. But what exactly was Oedipus being punished for? Even after re- reading the play, this still seems to be a gray area. Incest? Immoral, to be sure, but Oedipus was obviously ignorant to his actions, and to my knowledge, in Sophoclean times, there was no written law against it and therefore no punishment for it. Oedipus’ punishment may have been for killing Laius, but how could you punish someone for being a victim of fate? Greeks believed at the time of the play’s writing that a man’s life was † woven† by the 3 fates (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) and that he was irrevocably bound to that destiny. Knowing this, and knowing that Oedipus became king of Thebes only because it was his destiny to murder Laius and kill the Sphinx, how could he rightfully be punished? Even Oedipus himself knows that his actions are not by choice, but by acts of the gods, he mentions this twice in the play: â€Å"Some savage power has brought this down upon my head. † As well as â€Å"My god, my god — what have you planned to do to me? † Such quotes clearly show that Oedipus knew that he had no choice in his actions. In this manner and in this manner alone, Oedipus is undeserving of said punishment. Oedipus may not have been a particularly good man, but in the end he knew what was best for his kingdom: â€Å"Out of this kingdom cast me with all speed† †¦ for only that would save his former subjects. Were that Oedipus’ only punishment, the play might have been quite a bit simpler (and this essay quite a bit shorter), but Oedipus, in a fit of rage, stabs his own eyes with Jocasta’s dresspins. This was Oedipus’ way of trying to punish himself, as well as an escape. Oedipus would no longer gaze upon the faces of his subjects, his brother (uncle? Creon, or even those of his children. He is plunged into a world of darkness. It must be noted that this was more than simply a punishment, though I’m sure that it was one of the ways Oedipus intended it. The physical pain alone seems to prove that. There are much easier ways of becoming blind to the world than stabbing one’s eyes out. As I have stated before though, Oedipus was blinded by his f oolish pride long before the beginning of the novel. He only realized the truth behind Laius’ murder when it was right in front of his nose. He was by no means stupid, in fact he came off as quite a clever man, but his was a world of blindness because of pride and power. I have been concentrating on the two most obvious of Oedipus’ punishments, but there is another one that may not seem so clear. Keeping in mind that Sophocles made it very clear that Oedipus was a man of so much pride that he may have thought himself to be akin to a god, was not Oedipus basically stripped of that pride at the end of the play? The true punishment has been revealed. Oedipus’ life was based on pride. It was what led to the murder of Laius, which in turn led to the killing of the Sphinx, which led to his becoming king. As he continues on his particular thread of life, Oedipus becomes more and more powerful, and as such, his pride also increases proportionately. He threatens both Tiresias and Creon, and single-handedly tries to unravel the mystery of Laius’ death. What must go on inside his mind when he finds out that not only did he murder his father, the king, but he also slept with his mother? Knowing full well that his kingdom would eventually find out his acts, how could he hold his head up when walking through the city streets? How could his subjects respect and revere a king who was a murderer and commiter of incest? Oedipus is thusly stripped of his pride, the driving force behind his whole personality. He has been crushed, and that which he had so much of before has been denied him. Where he was once at one extreme (hubris), he is now at the other. To take away the very thing that drives a man is worse than any physical pain or even death itself. That is truly, as Sophocles intended it, Oedipus’ ultimate punishment. When the curtain falls and the lights go out on Oedipus Rex, the king’s punishments total three. Though in my mind at least, one far outweighs the other two, they are all important and they all contribute to the total experience of the Greek tragedy. In the end, I do not feel that Oedipus truly deserves the punishments he is handed, but that is only because of the fact that I place myself in the time period that this was written in, using the beliefs of that time for my own. Were this story to have taken place in modern times, Oedipus certainly would have deserved his punishment, but this idea is irrelevant because, quite simply, this did not take place in our â€Å"advanced† civilization. Oedipus was a victim of fate, incapable of free will, and as such he should have not been punished, save banishment only to cure the plague. The Punishment of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) How to cite The Punishment of Oedipus the King, Essay examples